The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) entered into force on 21 March 1994. The 195 countries that have ratified the Convention are called Parties to the Convention. The UNFCCC is a “Rio Convention”, one of three adopted at the “Rio Earth Summit” in 1992. Others are the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention to Combat Desertification. ​ The COP is the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). All States that are Parties to the Convention are represented at the COP. Its key functions include reviewing the implementation of the Convention, assessing national communications and emission inventories, and making decisions necessary for effective implementation. The COP meets annually, unless otherwise decided by the Parties.​ The COP assesses the effects of measures taken by Parties and monitors progress toward the ultimate objective of the Convention. The venue of the COP rotates among the five recognized UN regions: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Eastern Europe, and Western Europe and others.